Tributes to Prof. Samuel E. Okoye February 24, 2010
Posted by AstrOBloGs in : Astronomy and Astrophysics (ASTRO) , add a commentfrom Charles McGruder
TRIBUTE BY PROF. C.M.I. OKOYE, HEAD OF DEPARTMENT OF PHYSICS & ASTRONOMY, UNIVERSITY OF NIGERIA, NSUKKA.
The news of the death of Prof. S. E. Okoye on 18th November, 2009 was received with shock by the staff of the department, especially by those who passed through him as students and those who were his colleagues.
Professor Okoye joined the services of the University of Nigeria, Nsukka in 1970 as an Associate professor of physics and was promoted to full Professor in 1976. He became the Head of Department of Physics during 1978-1981. it was during his tenure as Head of Department that the name of the Department was changed from Physics to Physics and Astronomy. It was also during this period that he formed the Astrophysics Research Group that later metamorphosed into the Space Research Group.
Professor Okoye trained a number of postgraduate students some of whom are now Professor in the University of Nigeria and other Nigeria Universities. As a world renowned Professor, he has left indelible marks in the annals of the history of the department.
On behalf of the staff of the Department of Physics and Astronomy I send our condolences to the bereaved family and wish his soul eternal rest in perfect peace.
EULOGY FOR MY FATHER BY ENGR. OBINNA K. OKOYE – SON
Losing a loved one is probably one of the most difficult feelings any human being can experience, so much more if it is a parent. No words can express how I feel right now.
How do you come to terms with the loss of your beloved father? How do you find happiness again? How do you move forward despite your aching heart, emptiness and sadness? It’s like I’m in the midst of a nightmare that doesn’t disappear when I wake up. However, deep down I can still feel my father’s presence ….his voice, his laughter, his wits…. His spirit still lives.
Dad taught me many things. Most importantly, I learnt from him how to live and cope with the harsh and difficult challenges in life. On numerous occasions, he told me to always “aim for the stars and you will reach the skies…. Aim for the moon and you will likely reach the stars”.
Each time I remember that quote, it serves as a source of motivation to always strive to be the best in whatever I do.
Dad was very meticulous and organized. He cared very much for his family and would very often inconvenience himself so that his children would enjoy the best things of life. He was kind, considerate and compassionate.
I also came to realize that the most important thing that daddy had was us, his family.
Dad was a great source of inspiration, not only to his children or his family but to many who came across him one way or the other. He strove to educate others in the hope that they opened their minds to new possibilities.
He was a voracious reader. He invested a lot of his funds on books. He had a library of books covering various disciplines from Astronomy to Bio-technology, Economics, Literature, Biology, Politics and Medicine.
Dad, you exhibited great courage, resilience and strength through the numerous battles and difficult challenges you went through. The race is finally over and now you have gone to rest in the bosom of our Lord.
Adieu Daddy…… I will miss you very much.
EULOGY FOR MY FATHER BY MR. AMECHI OKOYE – SON
So much more than a Dad
To those who knew him he was “Sam”,
To many others he was “Professor Okoye”,
To his siblings and relatives he was “Akalaka”
To me and three others he was “DAD”
He was the biggest man I have ever known; or ever will.
He traveled his allotted time on Earth with energy,
Courage, determination and faith that is so rare in most individuals
He was a true hero.
Daddy was kind, caring and generous
He was also my friend
On the last day we spent together, we spoke about our plans for the future. Things we could and should do and ho we would do them.
Ala, he was called back home.
Although aged 70, I think we lost dad in his prime.
For he so much wanted to do
Daddy is touted for being Africa’s foremost black astrophysicist. But his greatest achievement was not his qualification
Rather his sheer bravery and willpower
Like the Leo sign he was, Daddy was a Lion
He swam seas and maneuvered oceans full of sharks and whales
Yet, he still emerged at the other side of the water.
Let us, therefore, not just mourn the absence of the flame,
But also celebrate how brightly it burned.
I love and miss you terribly, daddy!
May our good Lord grant you everlasting peace
Amy Bobo
IAU Symposium No. 277 – The Context for an Astrophysics Meeting in Burkina Faso February 10, 2010
Posted by AstrOBloGs in : Astronomy and Astrophysics (ASTRO) , add a commentby Claude Carignan
On February 2nd 2010, the First Announcement for IAU Symposium No, 277 (Tracing the Ancestry of Galaxies – on the Land of our Ancestors) to be held in Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso on December 13-17, 2010, was sent.
While enthusiastic responses were received, a message was also suggesting that we were organizing “scientific tourism” in Africa and even one department had already decided not to let their students and post-docs attend the conference. It was in fact a good thing that this person came forward since it gives us the opportunity to put this meeting in context.
As far as the science goes, I think the scientific rationale given speak for itself (see www.iaus277.org )
But the question to answer is why hold such a meeting in Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso, which on the Human Resources Index (HDI) of the United Nations Development Program (UNDP) is classified 177/182 countries.
see: http://hdr.undp.org/en/media/HDR_2009_EN_Summary.pdf
In fact, five years ago, I was asked (I didn’t get the idea, myself) by the Minister of Education and Research in Burkina Faso (who got his degree at the Université de Montréal) if I would like to come and set up an Astrophysics program at the Université de Ouagadougou that would eventually become a center of Excellence that could deserve the Western Africa sub-region. This is an approach now used in many fields. Since resources are limited, the idea is not to develop departments of everything everywhere but to develop a new research activity in one country that could then deserve the whole sub-region.
We define the program in 2006 and the Science Council of the University accepted it at the beginning of 2007. I got great support from my University in Montréal. However, one of the problems with teaching sciences in Africa is that usually the level of the courses is OK (most of the faculties get their formation in Europe) but the labs are empty. So we thought that if we were going to set up a program, we would also build a small Observatory (25cm + CCD + appropriate filters and computers) for teaching purposes such that the practical work could be done on that telescope.
The first undergraduate class was given at the end of 2007 to ~100 students and the teaching Observatory was inaugurated by the Prime Minister on November 26, 2007: http://astro.univ-ouaga.org/. The first graduate course (Msc) was given at the beginning of 2009 to ~20 students. A full graduate program with 8 courses has been set up. The idea is to provide (with the help of many colleagues from around the world) the teaching for 4-5 years while we are forming 4 Burkinabè PhD (2 have started in Montréal, 1 will be going this year to Université de Provence and hopefully another one to South Africa) that will then take over the program once their degree will be completed (they are assure to get a position at the University de Ouagadougou).
While data mining allows to get good data sets for thesis even when you don’t possess your own telescope, with the Marseille people, we submitted a project to the OAMP in order to move the Marly telescope (EROS project) from Chile to Burkina Faso. It was accepted in December 2008 and the Marly telescope was put in crates last October in La Silla. It left Valparaiso on October 31st, arrived in Tema, Ghana on December 15 and the container was unloaded last Friday in Ouagadougou. With the help of many people (especially UdeM, LAM & OHP people) we hope to have the refurbished telescope operational end of 2011. Collaborators from the LAM and the LAE (Laboratoire d’Astrophysique Expérimentale in Montréal) will provide state-of-the-art instrumentation. This will help forming the students in BF and not loosing them to northern countries, which often happens when they get their formation overseas. We are in the final stages of the drawings and are getting help from the World Bank to build the infrastructures. The only money missing is for the solar energy power and the geothermal air-cooling demanding much less power than the conventional systems (a class of engineers is working on the project in Montréal). Hopefully, we’ll soon find the money for this part.
The main reason to hold the meeting here is to mark the beginning of Astrophysics in Burkina Faso and the construction of the Research Observatory. For the people here, to receive 200-250 among the best Astrophysicists in the world is a great motivation. Parallel to the scientific meetings we are also organizing, during the week of the conference, public talks for the students, special workshops for secondary school students and Astronomical Exhibitions in a central location.
I hope this helps to put this meeting in the context of the project initiated 5 years ago.
The (FIRST) White House Star Party October 12, 2009
Posted by AstrOBloGs in : Astronomy and Astrophysics (ASTRO) , 1 comment so farby Dara Norman
On Wednesday October 7, 2009, the White House hosted a star party. For those of you unfamiliar with star parties, these are nights when groups of astronomers (often, in fact usually, amateur) plan to take a bunch of telescopes out to a common location and just take a look at objects in the night sky. The White House star party was planned by NASA and the White House’s Office of Science and Technology. (see //www.whitehouse.gov/blog/White-House-to-Host-Star-Party/). My understanding was that the plan was to bring 150 DC local area middle school students, 20 telescopes, a couple portable planetariums and other astronomical activities together for a night of stargazing and learning. But really, when you throw in 4 or 5 astronauts, including the first woman, the first Black woman astronaut, a man who has walked on the moon and the new head of NASA, and the First Family, the evening is not just educational, it is thrilling for everyone involved!
Me at the White House's first star party.
About 3 weeks ago the head of National Optical Astronomy Observatory’s outreach and education group asked me if I might be interested in participating a White House Star Party IF it was to happen. I, of course, thought, what is he kidding? I would love to have the opportunity to visit the WH, last minute, whatever! Even with a small child at home, there was no way I’d be too busy to participate in this gig! When I got the word a week before the event and was told to keep it quiet until the official press release went out, I was fine with that. However, even our computer guy said to me in the hallway, “What are you grinning about?” Man… was I grinning that much, I couldn’t tell, but I wasn’t surprised.
On October 6th as I flew from Tucson to DC, I was more than a little worried that the weather was not going to cooperate for this event. I crossed most of the country from Arizona to Chicago to Washington, DC and the whole way the skies were socked in with clouds… high, thick clouds. Like with professional astronomical observing, I knew that this chance at a star party was a one shot deal! If it were cloudy the on-sky observing would be canceled! I went to bed thinking it was pretty touch and go and that maybe I wouldn’t end up observing at the WH after all.
Amazingly, I awoke to beautiful clear skies and a perfect clear day! After lunch I headed to the WH with my colleague from NOAO, Stephen Pompea. We were ushered to the South Lawn where we started setting up our telescopes. We were told that there was to be a “press event” at 4pm. But we didn’t really know what that meant. At 4 a few press came out onto the lawn following a few people in small packs. Who were these people? I had no idea.
Charlie Bolden, head of NASA, with middle school students as we wait for President Obama to speak.
As it turns out, Dr. Mae Jamison and Sally Ride were two of the people strolling across the lawn giving interviews. I was able to speak to both of them and give them copies of the Committee on the Status of Minorities in Astronomy newsletter, Spectrum. The committee is one of the standing committees of the American Astronomical Society. Dr. Jamison in particular was very interested and exchanged cards and information about her own foundation to promote minority women in science and technology, particularly aero/astro fields.
After the dinner break, we returned to get the telescopes set up on our ‘assigned’ astronomical objects. For those in the know, this is not usually how star parties work. But the entire event lasted < 2 hours, so we were assigned either Jupiter or M13, a globular cluster, instead of having the chance to slew around to interesting sources with a few students.
Back at the telescope after dinner.
The sun was setting as the students arrived. They walked around a bit but the schedule was such that they were not to begin the evening events until after President Obama gave his welcoming remarks. As that time drew near, the anticipation of the students grew. Each time the doors to the South Lawn opened, there was a burst of enthusiasm that then faded to disappointed sighs each time it was not the President… despite the fact that at one point it was a group of astronauts crossing the stage!
When Obama finally arrived he was greeted with cheers and frantic waves from the crowd of kids at the front of the audience. At the end of the speech, there was a telescope set up for the President and First Lady to have a look at an “interesting object”. The chosen source was a double, double star system about 150 light years away. Again for those in the know, you might ask, “Why pick a faint system of 4 stars when brighter ‘Gee whiz!’ sources were clearly up in the sky?” Yes, I agree, it seems painfully clear from the President’s and Mrs. Obama’s reactions that they were unable to see anthing in that eyepiece and no wonder with the bright lights around and the faintness of the source. My guess is that the source was chosen for the angle of the telescope. Given the trees and the building in the background, the only place to point the telescope was either to the south, down the lawn, or straight up! There wouldn’t be much of a photo-op with the President looking from behind the telescope out into the crowd, so find something, anything, that would be at about zenith at 8:10pm.
The First Lady looks for the double, double star.
After the ill-fated presidential observing, I returned to my telescope to show the kids Jupiter. I found that it was not hard to get kids excited about looking through a telescope that is on the White House South Lawn. The kids were great even those who had seen Jupiter several times before. Most of the kids are from a large metropolitan area (DC, Maryland, Virginia) and many didn’t realize that you could see Jupiter without the telescope! “Is that Jupiter there?” they said pointing was a common remark.
As the middle schoolers cycled through the activities, I occasionally found myself without an audience. During one such time, I suddenly saw a mass of people moving in the darkness. They were walking toward me, but not to me or my telescope. I heard some whispers of, “Here comes the President.” At that moment I was divinely inspired to shout out, “Jupiter over here!” and the mass altered its angle and headed my way. The President reached me first saying, “So what do we have here?” as he bent low to see into the eyepiece. “It’s Jupiter,” I said, “You should sit down to view, I have it aligned that way.” Obama sat down. I was only vaguely aware of anyone but the First Family and a few guys with video cameras. I started my shpiel, “You should see a disk and…” “What are the dots lined up there?” the President interrupted. “Yes, those are the 4 Galilean moons…” I continued with naming the moons, explaining their orbits, pointing out the stripes of clouds across the planet’s face and describing the distance in the time it takes the light to travel. “That means the light left 30 minutes ago,” said the President. “Indeed, that’s right!” I encouraged. Sasha got the next turn to look. “Now come over here and don’t touch it!” her dad lightly scolded, seemingly with experience as his guide. I commented to the President that I was from the South Side of Chicago, Kenwood. “We know Kenwood,” he said looking toward Michelle, “We live over by the synagogue there.”
As Michelle sat down, a cloud had rolled in. She was able to see the disk, but not the moons very clearly. As they started to leave, they both shook my hand, “Nice to meet you,” Ms. Obama, who had been very quiet, said. And then they were off.
Chatting with the President while Sasha looks at Jupiter. Not the best picture with the President, but it is all I got!
Later on that night a boy came wandering toward my telescope. “You want to see Jupiter?” I asked him. “Sure.” He said and politely sat down. This time I was able to complete my shpiel. “Do you see…,” I continued. He politely answered yes to every question but clearly was not very engaged. Since Jupiter was one of maybe 3 targetted sources on display, I suspected he had had his fill, so I didn’t take it as a sign of disinterest. “Where you from?” I said, since he was making no effort to leave. “Silverspring, MD, “ he said pacing around looking at the ground. Then he turned to look back to the White House and said, “How COOL is this that we get to be at the White House!!” “WAY COOL!!” I answered.
A Tribute: Dr. Beth Brown August 13, 2009
Posted by The Quantum Cosmos in : Astronomy and Astrophysics (ASTRO), Cosmology, Gravitation, and Relativity (CGR), History, Policy and Education (HPE) , add a commentLast October, the astrophysical community and NSBP lost a shining star, Dr. Beth Brown. The first Black woman to earn a PhD in astronomy from the University of Michigan, Dr. Brown was an expert in high energy astrophysics as well as an ardent advocate for participation in education and outreach. To honor her memory, Aziza Productions created a memorial film. The Howard University Department of Physics and Astronomy has links to quicktime and windows media formats.
NASA will be remembering the former NASA Administrator Fellow this October at the 2009 Women in Astronomy Conference*, which is dedicated to Dr. Brown. Although she is no longer with us in person, Dr. Brown’s spirit will continue to inspire us all for a long time to come.
*Students, please note that there is travel funding available to attend this conference. See the website for more information.
Herschel Space Telescope Opens Eyes July 10, 2009
Posted by The Quantum Cosmos in : Astronomy and Astrophysics (ASTRO), Cosmology, Gravitation, and Relativity (CGR) , add a commentThe newest addition to the space telescope crew is the Herschel, which is designed, deployed and run by the European Space Agency. Herschel, which can see in the infrared, is joining our much-beloved Hubble (which observes in the visible) and Spitzer (which can see in the infrared). After a month of preparation in space, Herschel opened its eyes in June. Today a sneak preview of the images it will be taking was released:
You’ll notice that the image on the left is from Spitzer. Thanks to the hard work of optical engineers and atomic and condensed matter physicists, technology is improving, and the higher quality image from Herschel is the result. We here at Vector say to Herschel: Welcome! And to its hard working team: Thank you 
But improved technology isn’t the only exciting element of Herschel’s release into the wild. Herschel is also the first major telescope to be named for a female astronomer. It is named for Caroline and William Herschel, the award-winning brother-sister team who lived in 18th and 19th century Germany and England. As time goes on, we hope to see more and more recognition of the contributions of people traditionally underrepresented in science. Kudos to ESA for making strides in this area.
Historian of Science, The Solstice, Hubble’s Diverse Universe July 7, 2009
Posted by AstrOBloGs in : Astronomy and Astrophysics (ASTRO), History, Policy and Education (HPE) , 2commentsby Jarita C. Holbrook
While visiting Cardiff, I met Dr. Seymour Mauskopf who was visiting a mutual friend. Dr. Mauskopf is a historian of science at Duke University. We had a discussion of the program in the History and Philosophy of Science at Duke. It is a certificate program and a graduate concentration. It is similar to how I am trying to set up the program in Cultural Astronomy at the University of Arizona. I got the feeling that Dr. Mauskopf now thinks that at some point Duke should have built this up to a full graduate degree program. I suggested that to build a program you had to have someone willing to see it through from start to finish including getting funding for students and building a viable network where graduating students can get postdocs. I used the term “empire builder”. He felt that such a person has yet to join their faculty.
Our conversation got me thinking about what a postdoc in cultural astronomy could be. If I keep my current model of graduate students having a traditional major and a minor in cultural astronomy, then they can get a postdoc in their major as long as their work fits in with the current intellectual debates. If they focus only on cultural astronomy, people in their field may not see their work as relevant. Unlike in the physical sciences, the goal of the first postdoc is to transform the dissertation into a publishable book. Because my dissertation is in astronomy & astrophysics, when I began my first postdoc at UCLA I had to start with doing research before even considering writing a book. As a result, I had a rather long postdoc and finished writing the book in 2004 after being a professor for two years. However, the book has still not been published - this is my book on navigation by the stars. Meanwhile, I have begun several other projects and am actively collecting data while my book bounces from publisher to publisher looking for a home. I had hoped to have a second book completed on new research by this point of my career, but it hasn’t gone as smoothly as I expected. However, African Cultural Astronomy – my unexpected book – is quite an achievement which I am proud of: It is an edited volume that is also a textbook written for undergraduates and available from Springer. Also unlike in the physical sciences, postdocs are expected to teach at least one class per year. And, a postdoc can be taken at any time even after getting tenure.
More on postdocs, I had several conversations with postdocs in astronomy in Leiden, Garching, and Cambridge. The mood was somber. Because of the economic crisis worldwide, most academic astronomy positions have been frozen or withdrawn. The hiring freezes are into the foreseeable future, so those astronomers starting postdocs are facing the real possibility of having to do three or more postdocs before applying for an academic or even any kind of permanent position. They will have to adopt a holding pattern and go into survival mode. This is the time for NSF to increase its support of postdoctoral fellows especially of women and minorities if they want them to remain in astronomy. Women and minorities are disproportionately impacted during cut backs and lay offs in general, but every effort should be made to keep this from happening to our fledgeling astronomers. If NSF was really farsighted they could set up joint professorships where NSF will pay their salary for three years with the guarantee that the University will pay the last three years which will get people through to tenure and overall help universities at the very least replace retiring professors. Attaching women and minorities to it would gently force astronomy departments to finally diversify. OK, maybe not so gentle.
The solstice 2009 went well. I witnessed several rituals and spoke to many people about the 2010 Cultural Astronomy Field School which will take place June 2010. It looks like in 2010 there will be a large group at dawn, and Morris dancing at sunset. I learned that a group does rituals at midnight on the solstice (the night before), too. During the day, the rituals included smaller groups compared to the dawn activities. In general, those folks that I spoke to about having students witness their rituals in 2010 were enthusiastic. I was surprised at how amenable people were to the idea considering that they choose to do rituals at this much smaller and less well know stone circle rather than at Avebury and Stonehenge. It looks like all the elements of the 2010 Cultural Astronomy Field School are in place, it is time to set a price and start advertising!
I returned to the USA via San Francisco in the middle of the week, and drove via Los Angeles back to Tucson. This morning my husband and I met with Lisa Boags, the head of Boags Productions. Hubble’s Diverse Universe is the name of our film on African American and Hispanic American astronomers funded by a NASA Education and Public Outreach grant. Everyone in the film is a member of NSBP and NSHP. We chose to work with Boags Productions because they did a fantastic documentary on the Tuskegee Airmen. They are doing a great job on our film which will premiere on July 11 & 12th at the Museum of African American Technology in Oakland, CA. Lisa Boags, George Carruthers, and I will be available for Q & A after the viewing the film. This morning we went over the science section of the film which is 15 minutes of the 45 minutes. We suggested a few more HST images and animations to include. The film is one of the IYA2009 projects for the Cultural Astronomy and Storytelling group.
This may be my last blog this year for NSBP and I hope NSBP students have learned a bit more about cultural astronomy, useful information about astronomy and being an astronomer, and what a few of us NSBP members are up to. I will end with a big IF: NSBP member Hakeem Oluseyi and I are waiting to hear if we have gotten a NASA E/PO grant to do solar physics experiments in the Marshall Islands during the July 22, 2009, total solar eclipse. IF we get the grant we will take student assistants and make a documentary film about the whole experience including: 1) the solar physics experiments, 2) the experiences of minority students traveling to an amazing location to do a high pressure task, 3) Marshall Islander cultural astronomy including folklore and navigation, 4) local people’s responses to the eclipse, and 5) profiles of the scientists. We hope to hear from NASA this week.
Don’t forget to celebrate the International Year of Astronomy 2009. The Universe: Yours to Discover!
Dr. Jarita Holbrook is a research scientist in cultural astronomy at the University of Arizona. She received her undergraduate degree in physics from Caltech and the Ph.D. degree in astronomy from the University of California-Santa Barbara. She was a postdoctoral research scholar in history of science at the Max Planck Institute for the History of Science in Berlin. She is the co-editor or the recently published volume, African Cultural Astronomy.
Pre-Summer Solstice in the UK July 6, 2009
Posted by AstrOBloGs in : Astronomy and Astrophysics (ASTRO) , add a commentCosmologies, Institute for Astronomy, and Lampeter
by Jarita Holbrook
June 19, 2009
Bristol, UK
June 6 I gave another lecture on the results of my survey project “The Sky in Our Lives”. Things were a bit tense, because my student Darlene Villicana had still not arrived from the United States and she was scheduled to present her 10 minute film on our research last year at the conference. Backing up - Location: Bath Royal Literary and Scientific Institute, Bath, UK. Event: the annual conference of the Sofia Centre for the Study of Cosmology in Culture, Topic: “Cosmologies”.
From my last blog, I was in Garching, traveled in the Max Planck Institute for Extraterrestrial Physics car to the Munich airport and flew to Gatwick Airport in the United Kingdom. There we picked up a rental car and driving on the left side of the road headed to Bath for the “Cosmologies” conference. We managed to get to Bath without taking any wrong turns and only had a problem locating our Bed & Breakfast where we were staying. We arrived too late to catch the Friday evening lecture at the Bath Royal Institute which was on the astronomical interests of the Lunar Society, a group of scientists that existed in mid to late 1700s. Though I knocked on the door at 8:15 pm, the talk had begun at 7:30 and no one answered the door.
The weekend conference included scientists I knew from the Societe Europeene pour l’Astronomie dans Culture (SEAC) Nick Campion who runs the Sofia Centre which is at the University of Wales, Lampeter, and Lionel Sims, a professor at the University of East London, and several students. For June 2010, I have been working with Nick Campion of Lampter University and Clive Ruggles of Leicester University to create the first Cultural Astronomy Field School which will take place in the United Kingdom. As part of that field school, I have had to do a lot of reading on the local Druid and Pagan communities. I was thrilled to see two of the experts were giving presentations at the conference: Ronald Hutton of Bristol University and Jenny Blain of Sheffield Hallam University.
What do people talk about at a cultural astronomy conference focused on cosmologies? The presentations included data from a variety of sources: archaeological data, textual data, internet data, ethnographic data, and survey data. The time period spanned from the Neolithic with Stonehenge to today looking at the cosmology of the internet. Some of the projects were completed and others were works in progress.
What did I present? I mentioned my survey project in my last blog. The goal of the survey is to on the one hand learn what is common basic sky knowledge and sky watching behaviors in the United States, and on the other hand to learn about interesting sub-populations that have something special about their sky knowledge. Since this is a project grounded in statistics, averages are skewed by ‘outliers’. The potential outliers in my survey population are astronomers, amateur astronomers, and astrologers. So, there is a question on the survey for them to identify themselves as such so that they can be handled accordingly in the statistics. At the Cosmologies conference I presented some of the data specifically on the outliers and I encouraged discussion of how the groups compared to each other and possible interpretations. Since, the presentation included only simple statistics I will not give details of my results. Anyway, I was too successful to the point of having to silence the audience – discussion was very lively! Many people agreed to take the survey and I collected about 15 completed surveys by the end of the second day of the conference.
Also in preparation for the 2010 Cultural Astronomy Field School, I visit a certain stone circle every June 21st. In 2008 I took two student research assistants with me, both UA Anthropology majors: Darlene Villicana and Sunny Albright. Darlene actually films many of the June 21st events which she edited into a 10 minute film for the conference. I had viewed an earlier version of the film with my Anthropology of Astronomy class in the spring and we had decided to approach my colleague Drexel Woodson, also in the Bureau of Applied Research in Anthropology at UA, to do the narration. He agreed, but I had yet to see the completed film. Half an hour after my talk, in walked Darlene. I breathed a deep sigh of relief. Her flight had been delayed four hours, she had no place to stay, but she was in the UK until Monday morning. She did not have enough funds to stay longer.
During the break I prepped her for her presentation. The best thing I said to her was that the audience would want to know why she made the film and who was her intended audience. Sure enough, even though she included this information during her introduction, it was asked again during the Q & A. The film looked and sounded very good, limited only by her cheap filming equipment and the fact that it was raining when she shot the film. It was warmly received and I was the very proud professor. It is always a great thing to have given a presentation at an international conference while still an undergraduate. I hoped that doing so will help Darlene achieve her goal of going to graduate school to study visual anthropology.
Where did Darlene sleep? It is impossible to find housing in Bath on the weekend. We knew several people from attending this same conference in 2008, and a couple of folks graciously offered for her to sleep on their couches as only a college student could do. She was well taken care of and I was glad she didn’t have to sleep in the airport.
On to Cambridge, my husband and I drove to Cambridge where we visited the Institute of Astronomy at Cambridge University. The year before we had stayed in a three bedroom flat at Churchill College, this year we asked to stay in town. We had a two bedroom townhouse on Albert Street. We were visitors of the director, Robert Kennicutt, who I had met at a conference when I was still working at NASA Goddard Space Flight Center before I went back to school to get my Ph.D.. Before moving to Cambridge, Rob had been a professor for many years at the University of Arizona in my husband’s department, astronomy.
Cambridge has a physics department with astronomers, the Institute for Astronomy (IoA), and the Kavli Institute for Cosmology which is under construction. The Kavli building is supposed to be completed in July. Once completed, the many of the astronomers from the physics department will relocate to IoA or Kavli. IoA and Kavli are on the grounds of the old observatory, whereas the department of mathematics and theoretical physics is located on the other side of town. The observatory dates from a time when observatories were not placed on the top of a hill or mountain. It is on flat ground just outside of town to the west, on Madingley Road.
In 2008, several of the astronomers and students had completed surveys for my project and on June 10th, as will the other two talks, I presented my preliminary findings. However, unlike at MPE, I included a short introduction of cultural astronomy and cultural astronomy research methods. The Q & A was very different from MPE as a result. The questions focused on asking questions about the other outlier communities. Several people took the survey afterward but felt funny about it, since they had seen some of the early results. I told them to make a comment directly on the survey if they felt that their answer was influenced by what they had seen.
The Institute for Astronomy began taking Ph.D. students during the last decade, so their program is fairly new. Like other programs in Europe, no coursework is required but your Ph.D. project has to be well-developed and tested by the end of your first year. Like other European Ph.D.s in Astronomy, it is pretty normal to complete it in three years. Three years and no classes! I don’t know why more USA students don’t go to Europe to do their Ph.D.s in astronomy….probably the tuition. In Germany, graduate school was free until the last decade, but in the UK there has always been tuition. As a foreigner the cost is higher than for a European Union member. Nonetheless, aspiring astronomy students should consider this accelerated path to a Ph.D..
In preparation of the June 21st activities, I am now in Bristol near the Neolithic Stone Circles. While in Bath a few weeks ago, I took my husband to Avebury for the first time. Avebury is much larger than Stonehenge and has a village in the center of it. My husband was suitably impressed. On the 21st, both Stonehenge and Avebury have huge crowds, too big to take a group of students. Thus, we chose to study a less well known circle that attracts a manageable number of people. The circle will remain a mystery since studying it will be the final exam for the 2010 field school. The UK has hundreds of Neolithic standing stone sites that have been studying by archaeoastronomers: see the works of Clive Ruggles, Alexander Thom, William Stukeley, and Gerald Hawkins. I would say that only Ruggles’ work is without controversy, but I am no expert on these sites. I just listen to the complaints of the other archaeoastronomers.
At the University of Arizona I have been working to establish a graduate minor in Cultural Astronomy. I have been meeting with the directors of other cultural astronomy programs for several years to learn how they did it, what their goals are, etc., and to get advice and suggestions for UA. As a result, I have developed close ties with the programs in the UK and think of these in some ways as our sister programs though the core focus of each program is different. The Sofia Centre at the University of Wales, Lampeter, studies from a historical and sometimes contemporary perspective the more esoteric, divinatory, and magical aspects of the relationship between humans and the sky. The Sofia Centre has been in Lampeter for two years and I had never visited their campus. June 18th, I rode with the director, Nick Campion, from Bristol to Lampeter – three hours on small roads. The environment was rural farmlands, rolling hills, and small villages. The part of Wales that I traveled through seems very agricultural but not in the big “agro-business” sense. Upon arriving in Lampeter, I immediately spotted the Co-Op! The source of organic foods and vegetarian fare. There was a second health food store in town, too. The west of the UK is Cider country – alcoholic cider. I was able to purchase couple of bottles of organic cider made right there in Lampeter!
We visited the Anthropology & Archaeology Department under which is the Sofia Centre. The professors did research all over the world and as a group they were very friendly and welcoming. Lampeter is a liberal arts college without much physical science, so perhaps would not be of interest to NSBP members. However, they are partnering with UA for the 2010 Cultural Astronomy field school.
The next couple of days, I will be preparing for the June 21st summer solstice at the mystery stone circle.
Dr. Jarita Holbrook is a research scientist in cultural astronomy at the University of Arizona. She received her undergraduate degree in physics from Caltech and the Ph.D. degree in astronomy from the University of California-Santa Barbara. She was a postdoctoral research scholar in history of science at the Max Planck Institute for the History of Science in Berlin. She is the co-editor or the recently published volume, African Cultural Astronomy.
Keep Garching on your Radar June 30, 2009
Posted by AstrOBloGs in : Astronomy and Astrophysics (ASTRO), Mathematical and Computational Physics (MCP) , add a commentAstronomy, Cultural Astronomy, and NSBP at Garching, Germany
by Jarita C. Holbrook
Garching, which is outside of Munich, Germany, is the home of several institutes focused on astronomy and astrophysics. There is the European Space Organization (ESO), the Max Planck Institute for Extraterrestrial Physics (MPE), and the Max Planck Institute for Astrophysics (MPA). Each of these Institutes have graduate students working on their Ph.D.s under the direction of their scientists, postdoctoral fellowships, and junior scientist positions. In these ways they function like universities but without the classes and without the undergraduates.
The structure of each Max Planck Institute in terms of scientists is the following, there are usually three or four directors that are permanently employed and are given a number of faculty and postdoctoral positions under them to create their research group. The director of the institute position rotates among these directors. It is very difficult to get a permanent faculty position in astronomy, but entirely possible to get a postdoctoral fellowship of up to five years.
I visited Garching for the first time from June 2 – 5, 2009. I was an official visitor along with my husband of MPE under director Reinhard Genzel who runs the Infrared and Submillimeter Astronomy group. We arrived by overnight train from Amsterdam early Tuesday morning and wandered around lost in the building searching for Dr. Genzel’s office. On the fourth floor, we passed an open door labeled “Visitors Office” and inside was NSBP member Ed Thomas!
Dr. Thomas, who is a professor at Auburn University, was visiting the Max Planck Institute for Plasma Physics which shares the building with MPE. He was collaborating on a dusty plasma project and gave a talk on June 3. While we were together in Garching, we had a long discussion on the development of the field of plasma physics and the way that plasma physics is perceived by the larger physics community. Studying Plasma Physics, though done in an experimental framework, requires classifying and characterizing behaviors as a means of understanding the physics.
For that last several years I have been doing survey research on the relationship of people to the night sky. As a cultural astronomer, I am interested in what can be considered common knowledge or lay knowledge of astronomy and the night sky. By lay knowledge, I mean non-expert knowledge. I created a survey called “The Sky in Our Lives Survey” to quickly and systematically gather basic information about people’s sky knowledge. On June 5, I gave a talk about my survey results to the scientists of MPE.
About 30 people attended the talk and Q & A lasted for about fifteen minutes. From the questions, I realized that perhaps an introduction to cultural astronomy was needed. It was clear to me from the questions that people thought that I was an astronomy education researcher rather than a cultural astronomer. What is the difference? An astronomy education researcher researches ways to improve teaching astronomy and conveying astronomy concepts to students and to the public. As part of their research they often survey people about what they understand about things considered to be fundamental astronomy. In contrast, cultural astronomers focus on the much broader relationship between people and the sky from ancient times to the present. We include studying astronomers through anthropology of astronomy and history of astronomy, but most of our work focuses on traditional sky knowledge around the world. For example, as a postdoc I studied people who use celestial bodies for night navigation on the ocean.
The MPE audience wanted to know if people understood some very difficult astrophysical concepts, whereas my survey was designed for learning what is ‘traditional’ sky knowledge in various populations. The survey is meant to be a tool for data collection to make cross cultural comparisons among people that have not necessarily been exposed to astrophysics. This small misunderstanding aside, the MPE audience seemed to enjoy the presentation and the Q & A.
Because of the number of Institutes related to physics and astronomy, Garching is a place that should be on the radar screen for dual career couples. I met two couples where one was employed by MPE and the other by ESO. Also, with three astronomy communities in close proximity, there is a lot of circulation, collaboration, and support which makes for a unique astronomy environment. The town of Garching is small and most of the scientists live in the surrounding area and in Munich.
What about being an African American in Germany? I had the privilege of being a postdoc at the Max Planck Institute for the History of Science (MPIWG) in Berlin in 2001-2. I remember thinking, “Germany?” First, Germany today is not the Germany of WWII, so that myth needs to be let go. It does still have its discrimination and prejudices but it is unlikely that these will be encountered in the academic communities in which we circulate. In addition to my postdoc, I spent two summers living in Heidelberg in 2006 and 2007. I like living in Germany because it is a well kept country (read clean) and things run on time. They are environmentally conscious and have organic food stores that fit well with my vegetarian “do no harm” lifestyle. Finally, when I am in Germany, I am there to work! And, I am able to get amazing amounts of work done because of the fantastic academic support system. When I am at MPIWG, I have access to every book that I need throughout Europe both digitally and in my hand within a few days. I have children and the institutes that I have visited have always helped me arrange childcare freeing me to work normal hours without worry. In addition, there are always small pots of money to travel to other parts of Germany to meet with other scholars for discussions and collaborations and general networking.
What are the down sides? Sure, my fantasy job is to be a director of my own group at Max Planck Institute (or a Kavli Institute!), but I know it will probably always be a fantasy. As I mentioned above it is very hard to get a permanent position and there is not a clear route to career advancement, i.e., a permanent position does not lead to being a director one day. Also, in astronomy there are very few permanent positions and among these women are poorly represented. Don’t bother to ask about minorities.
Back to the positives, their postdocs are considered very prestigious in the astronomy community as is getting a Ph.D. from one of their institutes. Keep Garching on your radar.
Dr. Jarita Holbrook is a research scientist in cultural astronomy at the University of Arizona. She received her undergraduate degree in physics from Caltech and the Ph.D. degree in astronomy from the University of California-Santa Barbara. She was a postdoctoral research scholar in history of science at the Max Planck Institute for the History of Science in Berlin. She is the co-editor or the recently published volume, African Cultural Astronomy.
NSBP Members Participate in SciFest Africa March 22, 2009
Posted by HPEbLogs in : Astronomy and Astrophysics (ASTRO), History, Policy and Education (HPE) , add a commentNSBP members, Charles McGruder and Hakeem Oluseyi, are participating in SciFest Africa this week as special representatives of the United States.
Held annually in late March as South Africa’s national science festival, SciFest Africa is a fun-filled event specially styled to make science, technology, engineering and mathematics accessible to and of interest to every-day people. Each year SciFest Africa offers over 550 events and activities, including exhibitions, educational theatre, lectures, hands-on workshops, excursions, a soap box derby, laser-shows, quizzes, Science Olympics,and whiz-bang science shows. It is the biggest science festival in sub-Saharan Africa. The 2008 Festival was attended by no less than 58,000 people.
Dr. McGruder, a former president of NSBP, will be giving two public lectures, one on the STARBASE project and another on the search for extra-solar planets. In a separate event Dr. Oluseyi will be lecturing on how dark matter and dark energy help explain the motion of galaxies.
Dr. McGruder is the director of NSBP’s program to build capacity in astronomy in Southern Africa. While in South Africa he will also be meeting will government officials about South Africa’s bid for the SKA telescope. Dr. Oluseyi has been a faculty member in NSBP’s program, having taught classes in astrophysics in the National Astrophysics and Space Science Program at the University of Cape Town. Their participation in SciFest Africa is sponsored by the US State Department’s Bureau of International Information Programs.
IYA2009 Galileoscope Now Available to Order March 21, 2009
Posted by HPEbLogs in : Astronomy and Astrophysics (ASTRO), History, Policy and Education (HPE) , 2commentsThe Galileoscope a high quality, easy-to-assemble and easy-to-use
telescope at an unprecedentedly low price is now available to order. A
Cornerstone project of the International Year of Astronomy 2009 (IYA2009),
the Galileoscope was developed by a team of leading astronomers, optical
engineers and science educators to make the wonders of the night sky more
accessible to everyone. Orders can now be placed through
www.galileoscope.org for delivery beginning in late April.
By encouraging the experience of personally seeing celestial objects, the
Galileoscope project aims to facilitate a main goal of IYA2009: promoting
widespread access to new knowledge and observing opportunities. Observing
through a telescope for the first time is an experience that shapes our
view of the sky and the Universe. It prompts people to think about the
importance of astronomy, and for many its a life-changing experience.
Galileoscopes will open up a whole new world for their users and are an
excellent means of pursuing an interest in astronomy during IYA2009 and
beyond.
Galileoscopes are available at the incredibly low price of US$15 per kit.
Discounts are available for group purchases of 100 or more, bringing the
price down even lower, to US$12.50 each, reducing costs for schools,
colleges, astronomical societies, or even parties of interested
individuals. Never before has such a high quality and professionally
endorsed scientific instrument been available for this price.
To further this aim, the Galileoscope Cornerstone project has initiated
the Give a Galileoscope programme. Participants may buy Galileoscopes
for themselves, their families, or their friends at the regular $15 or
$12.50 price (depending on quantity) plus shipping, and/or donate as many
telescopes as theyd like for $12.50 each, with no shipping charges.
Donated Galileoscopes will go to less advantaged schools and other
organisations worldwide, especially in developing countries. This will
help bring a modern education to students in poor schools and empower them
to pursue science and technology knowledge. Donating Galileoscopes
increases the projects global impact and gives people who might otherwise
never have the opportunity to look through a telescope the chance to join
millions of skywatchers worldwide in a shared experience of astronomical
discovery.
The Galileoscope is named after the Italian astronomer Galileo Galilei,
who first observed the heavens through a telescope 400 years ago. His
observations were nothing short of revolutionary and changed our view of
the world forever. The Galileoscope is optimised to provide views of the
very same objects that inspired Galileo all those years ago including
craters and mountains on the Moon, the rings of Saturn, the phases of
Venus, a variety of star clusters, and moons orbiting the planet Jupiter.
Sights such as these astounded Galileo and they are all visible, along
with countless other objects, through the Galileoscope. Although, with its
21st-century optics, it will provide a much better observing experience
than Galileo had!
Galileoscopes are also invaluable educational tools, tying in with topics
such as mathematics, physics, history and philosophy. As practical
instruments they can be used to demonstrate basic optical theory in a
real-world scenario, a technique often praised by educators and pupils
themselves. Free educational guides are available on the projects
website, providing further information to teachers, students and
enthusiasts. Experience has shown that the Wow!-factor that kids get
from assembling their own fully functional, high quality Galileoscope is
unsurpassed.
The ability to experiment with lenses while building the telescope offers
a much more powerful learning experience than receiving a preassembled
telescope, says Rick Fienberg, Editor Emeritus of Sky & Telescope
magazine and Chair of the IYA2009 Cornerstone project. Users will learn
many aspects of optics and even have a chance to construct two types of
telescopes a modern one and a more primitive one similar to Galileos,
adds Stephen Pompea, US IYA2009 Project Director and member of the IYA2009
Cornerstone project. Building and using a Galileoscope gives kids the
feeling that science is fun.
Galileoscopes are easy to use, sturdy, reliable and well-designed windows
to the Universe. Orders are now being taken through the official website,
www.galileoscope.org. Build one and the stars will be within your reach!
Worldwide observing projects with small telescopes are a key part of the
Galileoscope Cornerstone. The You Are Galileo! project, organised by the
IYA2009 Japan National Committee, uses classroom telescopes along with
worksheets and manuals to form part of a year-long observation programme.
These are designed for children and certificates are available for
participants who send records of their observations to the You Are
Galileo! team.
###
Notes for Editors
The Galileoscope is a high quality 50-mm f/10 telescope, with a glass
doublet achromatic objective. A 20-mm Plössl-like eyepiece with twin
plastic doublet achromatic lenses gives a magnification of 25x across a
1.5-degree field, and a 2x Barlow lens (also a plastic doublet achromat)
gives a magnification of 50x. The Barlow lens can also be used as a
Galilean eyepiece to give a magnification of 17x and a very narrow field
of view to simulate the Galileo experience. The standard 1.25-inch
focuser accepts commercial accessories, and the standard 1/4-20 tripod
adapter works with any standard photo tripod (not included).
In addition to the IAU, UNESCO, the IYA2009 Global Sponsors and the
IYA2009 Organisational Associates, principal sponsors of the Galileoscope
project include the American Astronomical Society, the National Optical
Astronomy Observatory, the National Science Foundation, the Astronomical
Society of the Pacific, Carthage College, Merit Models, Photon
Engineering, Sky & Telescope, and Galileo’s Place, home of Galileo-brand
telescopes.
IYA2009 marks the 400th anniversary of Galileo Galileis first
astronomical observations through a telescope. It is a worldwide
celebration, promoting astronomy and its contribution to society and
culture, with events at regional, national, and global levels.
Links
· Galileoscope website: www.galileoscope.org
· IYA2009 website: www.astronomy2009.org
· You Are Galileo! web site: www-irc.mtk.nao.ac.jp/~webadm/Galileo-E/
For more information:
Dr. Richard Tresch Fienberg
IYA2009 Galileoscope Cornerstone Project Chair
Andover, USA
Tel: +1 978 749 4753
E-mail: rfienberg@galileoscope.org
Dr. Stephen M. Pompea
US IYA2009 Project Director/Chair, US Telescope Kits Working Group
National Optical Astronomy Observatory, Tucson, USA
Tel:+1 520.318.8285
Cellular: +1 520.907.2493
E-mail: spompea@noao.edu
Dr. Kazuhiro Sekiguchi
National Astronomical Observatory of Japan, Tokyo
Tel: +81 42 234 3955
E-mail: galileoscope@astronomy2009.jp
Further contacts
Pedro Russo
IAU IYA2009 Coordinator
ESO ePOD, Garching, Germany
Tel: +49 89 320 06 195
Cellular: +49 176 6110 0211
E-mail: prusso@eso.org
Yolanda Berenguer
UNESCO Focal Point for the International Year of Astronomy 2009
UNESCO HQ, Paris, France
Tel: +33 1 45684171
E-mail: y.berenguer@unesco.org
Dr. Karel A. van der Hucht
General Secretary, International Astronomical Union
IAU Secretariat, Paris, France
Tel: +33 1 43 25 83 58
E-mail: K.A.van.der.Hucht@sron.nl
Lars Lindberg Christensen
IAU Press Officer
ESO ePOD, Garching, Germany
Tel: +49 89 3200 6761
Cellular: +49 173 3872 621
E-mail: lars@eso.org
Related video available at:
http://www.iau.org/public_press/news/release/iau0906/
See Steve Pompea talk about the Galileoscope at the 2009 Joint Annual Conference of the National Society of Black Physicists and the National Society of Hispanic Physicists